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Learning How To Roll Back Climate Change By Unlocking Negative Emissions
The U.S. Capitol Building Complex and thousands of other facilities - hospitals,
etc., can join in removing Climate Change from the air while saving on their energy bills!
NOTE: The plant described on this page is an
educational demonstration-sized plant. Having said that, it removes
enough Climate Change from the air to be worth it's salt. Utility-sized
plants large enough to actually do the complete job of removing enough Climate Change
from the air can be found here.
2021: The Time Has Come To
'Green' The United States Capitol Complex
https://www.aoc.gov/
What Congress can do to
demonstrate to the World
The United States has emerged from a Time Of
Environmental Darkness.
The U.S.
Capitol Complex in Washington, D.C., could become the world's first national
Capitol to show working/teaching examples of:
(1) NET-ZERO EMISSIONS UPGRADE and (2) 'REMOVE
CLIMATE-CHANGING CO2 FROM THE AIR' Demonstration Facilities.
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The U.S. Capitol's Power Plant
Can Demonstrate Either Or Both Steps For Reducing Climate Change
(NOTE: The following suggestions take advantage of
the chemistry of wood. Half the weight of wood is the element carbon the tree removed from
the air to make its branches.)
The Two
Key Steps For Rolling Back Climate Change:
Ending Climate Change is a Two-Step Endeavor.
Unlocking Carbon Emission's Negative Impact on Air.
Step 1: Net-Zero. Stop adding additional Global Warming CO2 to the air. Step 2: Repairing the Air. Suck back existing Global Warming CO2 from the air.
(Global warming doesn't stop if the CO2 blanket
remains in place. At full effort, much of the "Carbon Neutral" phase
would be electrically realized (i.e. switching to electric cars, etc.
) as part of
the "Carbon Negative" phase.)
Getting our energy economy on track for
zero emissions by adding wood pellet burning carbon-capturing equipment to the Combined Heat and
Power (CHP) power plants of our building complexes.
Over 15,000 large building
complexes worldwide - Colleges, Military Bases, Hospitals, Apartments, Office
Complexes, Large Manufacturing, Airports, plus dozens of other types of building
complexes - are major contributors to global Climate Change.
https://www.epa.gov/chp/what-chp
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U.S. Capitol Building Complex (Campus) in
Metropolitan Washington, D.C. Where we can
bury Climate Change CO2? The Architect of the Capitol selected a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system to
power the Capitol.
HOW? Relatively
Simple: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT) press release pdf, Sept. 11, 2018:
Production of Renewable Gas from Waste
Wood (Check Out Their Important Links)
Adding a carbon-neutral fuel (in this case, wood) to a pair of natural gas
burning industrial combustion jet turbines equipped with heat
capturing boilers to provide both heat and electricity to a building complex.
This creates a "Carbon-neutral" facility that does not add to Climate Change
emissions because the synthetic gas's carbon was previously removed from the air
by the wood pellets.
By powering the U.S. Capitol Building Complex with synthetic natural gas made
from wood pellets, ( Biomass-To-Gas pdf ) the stack emissions would become "CO2-neutral"
(i.e., Green) and would not add to the world's Climate Change burden.
No other country's capitol could make that claim unless they did the same thing.
Several European countries are working to develop synthetic natural gas
technology.
It shouldn't be too expensive to add synthetic natural gas made from wood to any
building complex that is already set up with combined heat and power like the U.S. Capitol.
This is not a trivial thing. Everyone pays attention to what the power centers of the world are advocating and demonstrating.
Or, Step 1b:
Use Carbon Captured Fossil Fuels (Coal, Oil, Natural Gas) to Stop
Making More Global Warming CO2.
Above: Fossil-Fuel Carbon Capture. This
equipment represents the best Carbon Capture Technology the world will be able to
implement for perhaps the next 10 years.
Worldwide, perhaps 15,000 thousand large building complexes such as colleges and
universities, hospitals, factories, airport terminals, military bases,
industrial and business centers have central power plants like the U.S. Capitol
Building Complex. Combined, these
thousands of large building complexes are major contributors to global Climate Change
and many could be modified to "Repair the Air" like the U.S. Capitol Building
Complex.
Large companies like Microsoft, IBM, and Amazon are beginning to make commitments to become "Carbon-Neutral" by some time in the near future such as 2030 or 2040. No reason the Government shouldn't clean up it's operations.
This is the direction the troops are marching. https://sustainability.google/commitments/?utm_source=googlehpfooter&utm_medium=housepromos&utm_campaign=bottom-footer&utm_content=
The time has come for the Capitol Building Complex, which began marching in this direction in 2007, resumed leading the world.
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BioEnergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) Overview
BECCS is one of the few technologies that is capable of removing past CO2 emissions remaining in the atmosphere. As this enhances the 'when' (i.e., temporal) flexibility during the design of mitigation scenarios considerably, BECCS plays a prominent role in many low-stabilization pathways. Potential risks associated with BECCS technologies are related to those associated with the upstream provision of the used biomass as well as those originating from the capture, transport and long-term underground storage of CO2 that would be emitted otherwise. (This was written before CarbFix came on the market.) - Energy Systems, Chapter 7, 7.5.5, p533.
How BECCS works: Climate Changing CO2 is removed
from the air by trees. The trees are processed into synthetic natural gas (SNG).
Ideally, the SNG would be used to power the new city-sized Allam Cycle electricity generator.
The Allam Cycle engine site adds a chemical called CarbFix to it's liquid CO2
emission that will slowly turn the CO2 into solid limestone, then
the CO2 is pumped into a porous underground CO2
disposal vault forever.
If this is done on a big enough scale with many of the world's power plants, all the
Climate Changing CO2 in the air will eventually be removed from the
air and stored underground forever, ending Climate Change forever.
The world has enough porous underground storage strata to store more than 4
centuries of CarbFix CO2 being produced at today's burn
rate.
The sketch below shows the same process being done with less efficient old CO2
technology patented in 1930. This CO2 capture technology is still considered state-of-the-market and can
be purchased from multiple vendors today.
Wood Burning, + Carbon-Capturing it's
CO2, the U.S.
Capitol Building Complex in Washington, D.C., could become the
world's first Capitol to REMOVE CLIMATE-CHANGING CO2
FROM THE AIR.
Step 2:
Use Carbon Captured Synthetic Natural Gas BioEnergy Fuels to Suck
Existing Global Warming CO2
Out Of The Air
Climate Changing CO2 is removed
from the air by trees to make their wood, which is pelletized, then gasified,
then methanated to to become Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG).
The wood's
energy heats, cools, and provides electricity to the U.S. Capitol's Buildings.
The fire's CO2 is then extracted from the exhaust, liquefied, and shipped in 92 ton
liquefied CO2 railroad tank cars to a remote underground storage strata.
There, the liquid CO2 is mixed with "CarbFix" to cause the liquid to eventually
harden into a solid limestone, then injected several thousand feet down into a vast
sponge-like underground strata that will act as a permanent storage vault.
Burning Wood (or other Biomass) can be used to remove Climate
Changing CO2 from the air.
Coal, Oil, Gas, Nuclear, Hydro, Wind, Solar, don't capture carbon from the air
like plants so they won't work.
A massive tree-farming region and new tree harvesting technology will have to be
established in the U.S. Southeast & Pacific Northwest - both the U.S. and Canada - to both
control the coming much larger Climate Change-stoked
wildfires and to provide the wood necessary to power the Allam Cycle power plants. Similar regions will have to be
established in Northern Europe and Siberia.
HOW? An expert explains: Carbon Capture Overview by Mahin Rameshni, P.E., WorleyParsons. Excellent 16 page pdf introduction to Post Combustion Carbon Capture Technology.
For more advanced technology see: About the Allam Power Plant
Doing It
An image similar to the
above image first appeared on this website over 10 years
ago when Nancy Pelosi was on her first Tour Of Duty (2007 to 2011) as speaker of the House.
As head of the House, Nancy Pelosi is involved with
physical plant projects like the above diagram. At the time, a couple of gas-fired Combined
Heat and Power units were being proposed to replace the coal boilers in
the Capital Complex Boiler House and I was suggesting on this website we add a
carbon capture unit to make the U.S. Capitol the world's first carbon-capture
Capitol.
As it turned out, coal was replaced with much cleaner Combined Heat and Power
gas turbines in 2018 but no wood-to-synthetic natural gas and no gas turbine
post combustion carbon capture modules were included in the upgrade project.
What is being suggested here and now
is a good example of a current state-of-the-art "Post-combustion Carbon Capture"
retrofit application that could be a small Dutch allothermal wood pellet
synthetic natural gas BECCS powered turbine unit such as they have been developing in Europe.
https://www.kit.edu/kit/english/pi_2018_107_production-of-renewable-gas-from-waste-wood.php
At 90% carbon capture for 130% capital, fuel and power output loss, that amount
of parasitic burden is about as good as can
be expected for non-Allam carbon capture technology BUT it can be built using developed
technology and installed anywhere and used on existing
power plants and hospital heating plant equipment to clean up environmentally dirty sites.
(Below) Orientation Photographs - Up is North.
OVERVIEW OF SOUTH END OF CAPITOL BUILDING COMPLEX
Power Plant (top), Coal Yard (bottom) as of 7-11-2020.
(The "Combined Heat and Power" (CHP) turbine upgrade
depicted in the sketches above have been built and are on-line.)
(Left & Center image) Yellow Pushpin: Capitol Complex Power House, Red Dot: Coal Yard,
(shown enlarged in Right image).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Power_Plant (Click to enlarge.)
There might be sufficient space for the add-on retrofit carbon capture module
along the power plant's southern Virginia Ave., SE. street border (Left).
The existing coal railroad spur and coal pile area on the South side of the
freeway (Right) could provide
space for the Synthetic Natural Gas Generator facility.
Adding these facilities would make the
the U.S. Capitol Complex the world's first national Capitol to REMOVE Climate-changing CO2
FROM the air.
Above: Layout Images of the Capitol Complex power● and coal storage facilities.
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Comments
NOTE: Your author, a long-retired registered Control System Engineer, has had no
contact with the Architect of the Capitol or any of their staff. All
information presented above has come from open postings on the Internet or
Press,
including GAO "Statement of Terrell G. Dorn, Director Physical Infrastructure
Issues: ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL; Progress in Improving Energy Efficiency and
Options for Decreasing Greenhouse Gas Emissions", June 18, 2008.
"The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is the federal agency responsible for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of the United States Capitol Complex, and also the head of that agency. The Architect of the Capitol is in the legislative branch and is accountable to the United States Congress and the Supreme Court.
President Trump nominated Brett Blanton as architect of the Capitol on December 9, 2019. On December 19, 2019, the United States Senate confirmed his nomination by voice vote. He was sworn in on January 16, 2020. Blanton replaced acting architect of the Capitol Thomas J. Carroll, who replaced former acting architect of the Capitol Christine A. Merdon. Prior to that, Stephen T. Ayers served as acting architect of the Capitol since February 2007, and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on May 12, 2010, becoming the 11th architect of the Capitol. He retired on November 23, 2018. "
From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect_of_the_Capitol
End of the U.S. Capitol Complex Climate Change
Upgrade Project Presentation.
Thank you for checking it out.
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About
Captured
Carbon's Underground CO2
Storage Vault Locations
U.S. and Global Deep Underground BECCS Negative CO2
Storage Zones.
Locating Clean Power Plants Directly Over Them Speeds Up Decarbonization and
Drives Down Cost.
Electricity Transmission Lines, Not Dangerous, Costly CO2
Pipelines Is The Way To Go.
The United
States' Carbon Capture and Storage Situation:
"The United States has
the technological potential to offset roughly
only a
decade’s worth
of its current CO2 emissions
through biological sequestration
(i.e., planting trees, etc.,)
but a few hundred years’ worth of emissions through carbon dioxide
capture and sequestration." - from Congressional Budget Office "The Potential
for Carbon Sequestration in the United States, 2007" - Summary, page 2.
There
is about 4 centuries of fossil fuel at the current burn rate on Planet Earth. It
is estimated there is underground storage space for several times Planet
Earth's carbon dioxide.
Far more than is needed to bury all of Climate Change's
CO
Maps Showing various UNDERGROUND CARBON CAPTURE
STORAGE STRATA LOCATIONS
See: "Geospatial analysis of near-term potential for carbon-negative
bioenergy in the United States" by Ejeong Baik, et al.
https://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3290 (pdf)
Locations without carbon disposal will have to rely on renewables - wind, solar
- for their electricity.
Bottom Line: BECCS Power Plants for rolling back Climate Change can be located over CO2 storage zones almost anywhere and connected to the electrical grid.
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The Race to suck Climate Change out of the air has begun!
Also:
A "SKYSCRUBBER" Power Plant
This is how
the newly developed 'Allam' technology - which was recently patented -
could be implemented in a potentially far more efficient and cleaner BECCS facility.
Perhaps as efficient as today's standard
non-emission-controlled 60% efficient 'CO2
Dirty' combined cycle natural gas plant.
BACK TO 350 ppm?
Since the beginning, the concentration of global warming CO2 gas in the air has been 280 parts per million (ppm). Burning coal, oil, and gas caused CO2 in the air to rise to 413 ppm. Experts agree that 350 ppm is the highest CO2 should ever be.1 "Almost all scientists, climate experts, and governments agree that 350 ppm is the “safe” maximum level of carbon dioxide." Why 350? – MN350
2 "Process and Carbon Footprint Analyses of the Allam Cycle Power Plant Integrated with an Air Separation Unit", Clean Technology, 2019, 1, 325-340; doi:10.3390/cleantechnol1010022 www.mdpi.com/journal/cleantechnol [2.804.35]
The Recently Invented & Proven Allam Cycle Engine
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By removing air's CO2 using
BECCS and other technologies, we can re-set the world's
thermostat
to wherever we like. . . . . .
The CO2 in the air acts like a blanket - the more CO2, the
thicker the blanket. Taking CO2 out of the air is like taking a blanket off your
bed - you feel the change quickly.
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There Is A Proposal Becoming Popular For Cutting Climate Change CO2 Levels In Half From 420 ppm to 350 ppm
The proposal to suck the CO2 level back from today's 420 ppm to about
1980's 350 ppm: Why 350? – MN350
https://350.org/
On paper, using the new Allam Cycle technology
plus
burning wood for its CO2 and a very large amount of money, it may be possible to achieve the proposed 420 ppm to 350
ppm CO2 reduction task in a surprisingly short time3.
"As of 2018,
CO2
constitutes about 0.041% by volume of the atmosphere, (equal to 410 ppm) which
corresponds to approximately 3210 gigatonnes of
CO2,
containing approximately 875 gigatonnes of carbon."
From:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth%27s_atmosphere
So, - - - 3210 gigatonnes CO2/410 ppm = 7.83 gigatonnes
CO2 per ppm - - - (Each part per million (ppm) of CO2 weighs 7.83 gigatons.)
Planet Earth has had air with about 280 ppm of CO2 for more than 10,000 years - the end of
the last Ice Age. This means 280 * 7.83 gigatons per ppm or 2192 gigatonnes of
CO2 is Planet Earth's natural CO2 baseline.
Now, we have 410 ppm or 3210 gigatonnes of CO2 and want to reduce the CO2 concentration
back down to 350 ppm.
(The 2018 data above is two years old and the
current ppm is close to 420.)
So, to remove: 420 ppm CO2 - 350 ppm CO2 = 70 ppm of CO2.
70 ppm * 7.83 gigatonnes CO2 per ppm = 548 gigatons of CO2
[this item is only half-finished at this moment]
Keep in mind we are only talking about CO2 in air and ignoring CO2 that has been absorbed by seawater, land, plants, rocks, etc. CO2 in air ends up being only about 44% of the CO2 we initially emit.
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Discussion
& Strategy Page.
Equipment Manufacturers and Engineering
Companies for making and installing Synthetic Natural Gas Wood Pellet Methanators, Add-on
Retrofit Carbon Capture Modules.
Repairing the
Air - Removing Climate Change.
The Very Different Next Generation Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Micro Nuclear
Reactors.
Repairing the Water With Next Generation Micro Nuclear Desalination And CO2
Extraction From Sea Water.
Deep Decarbonizing: Details for USA Implementations.
A World Powered By Wood Synthetic Natural Gas BECCS Power
Plants.
Why Fossil Fuels
Matter The world has enough fossil fuel to power it at the current
burn rate for 4 centuries and enough underground CO2 storage space for several
times the fossil fuel's carbon. (Author needs a good reference for this
statement.)
Allam Supercritical CO2
(sCO2) Power Plant.
Deep Underground CO2
Sequestration Vault Technologies.
Contractors and Equipment Manufacturers
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) press release pdf, September 11, 2018: Production of Renewable Gas from Waste Wood
www.ameresco.com/cogeneration
(866) 263-7372https://www.districtenergy.org/topics/chp
https://www.ccsassociation.org/
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